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The Pharma Documentation Ring (P-D-R), founded in 1958, is a think tank of information and knowledge-management professionals representing major research-based pharmaceutical companies. The Association has 4 aims:〔 *Promote exchange of knowledge among members *Encourage commercial development of new information services and systems *Jointly assess new and existing products and services *Provide a forum for the information industry〔Mullen, A. "Aims and Activities of the P-D-R–Pharma Documentation Ring."Report of the Derwent Literature Subscriber Meeting. 1992.〕 ==History== One of P-D-R's initial aims at its inception was to select and index relevant documents from the scientific literature, to write abstracts and index them based on agreed rules, and to distribute copies of the corresponding punched cards and microfilms to all cooperating members.〔Bork, KH. "Documentation of Chemical Reactions Using System of Pharma-Documentation Ring EV." Chemiker-Zeitung 96.6 (1972): 330.〕 Due to the limited space on a punched card, the P-D-R-affiliated companies developed fragment codes for chemical structures and biomedical terms allowing them to index all relevant aspects of the publications properly. The ''Ringcode'' was born and survived for several decades, even replacing more sophisticated techniques.〔Dubosc, Y., and A. Mullen. "Overview of Activities of the P-D-R." Drug News and Perspectives 7 (1994): 551-551.〕〔Loch, K., and W. Neubling. "RALF-A New Software Package for the Whole Complex of Punched Card Oriented Documentation." Journal of Chemical Documentation 13.4 (1973): 219-224.〕 In 1964, this biomedical literature documentation activity was licensed to the British company, Derwent Publications (currently Thomson Reuters), and the service succeeded as Ringdoc (now Derwent Drug File). 10 years later, P-D-R's chemical reaction coding system was also transferred to Derwent Publications; this evolved as Chemical Reactions Documentation Services. Both services continued to be developed further in cooperation with P-D-R-affiliated companies and new members of the network.〔 During the 1970s, P-D-R saw gradual growth, becoming more international, continuing to process patents using its Ringcode until 1978. In the 1980s, a new focal point was found for P-D-R, where it began to place an emphasis on exchanging experience and testing commercial systems and databases of interest to the pharmaceutical industry.〔〔Mullen, A., et al. "Assessment, from an industrial user perspective, of some major competitor information files on pharmaceutical development products."Journal of information science 23.1 (1997): 9-23.〕 P-D-R has, as of 2015, more than 20 member companies from Europe, the US, Japan, and Australia. There is no membership fee, however members must commit to contribute, by participating in meetings, work groups and task forces. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pharma Documentation Ring」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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